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开始使用Docker API
在安装 Docker 之后,您可以尝试 Docker API。
或者,为您正在使用的语言安装 SDK。官方 SDK 可用于 Python 和 Go,以及一些社区维护的其他语言库。
了解有关安装和使用 Docker SDK的更多信息。
这些例子展示了如何使用 Python,Go或curl
直接使用来执行相同的操作。
版本化的 API
这里使用的 Python 和 Go 示例没有指定要使用的 API 版本,因为它们使用长期以来一直是 Docker 一部分的功能。Docker API完全向后兼容。
要查看 Docker 守护进程和客户端支持的API的最高版本,请使用docker version
:
$ docker version
Client:
Version: 17.04.0-ce
API version: 1.28
Go version: go1.7.5
Git commit: 4845c56
Built: Wed Apr 5 06:06:36 2017
OS/Arch: darwin/amd64
Server:
Version: 17.04.0-ce
API version: 1.28 (minimum version 1.12)
Go version: go1.7.5
Git commit: 4845c56
Built: Tue Apr 4 00:37:25 2017
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: true
您可以通过以下方式之一指定要使用的 API 版本:
curl
直接使用时,请将版本指定为 URL 的第一部分。例如,如果端点是/containers/
,您可以使用/v1.27/containers/
。
- 对于 SDK,或强制 Docker CLI 使用特定版本的 API,请将环境变量
DOCKER_API_VERSION
设置为正确的版本。这适用于 Linux,Windows 或 MacOS 客户端。
DOCKER_API_VERSION = '1.27'
虽然环境变量已设置,但即使 Docker 守护程序支持较新版本,也会使用该版本的API。
- 对于 SDK,您还可以通过编程方式指定 API 版本作为
client
对象的参数。请参阅Go的构造函数或Python SDK文档client
。API 示例运行容器第一个示例演示如何使用 Docker API 运行容器。在命令行上,您可以使用该docker run
命令,但这同样适用于您自己的应用程序。这与docker run alpine echo hello world
在命令提示符下键入相同:
- Python
- Go
- Curl
import docker
client = docker.from_env()
print client.containers.run("alpine", ["echo", "hello", "world"])
package main
import (
"io"
"os"
"github.com/docker/docker/client"
"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/container"
"golang.org/x/net/context"
)
func main() {
ctx := context.Background()
cli, err := client.NewEnvClient()
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
_, err = cli.ImagePull(ctx, "docker.io/library/alpine", types.ImagePullOptions{})
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
resp, err := cli.ContainerCreate(ctx, &container.Config{
Image: "alpine",
Cmd: []string{"echo", "hello world"},
}, nil, nil, "")
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
if err := cli.ContainerStart(ctx, resp.ID, types.ContainerStartOptions{} err != nil {
panic(err)
}
if _, err = cli.ContainerWait(ctx, resp.ID err != nil {
panic(err)
}
out, err := cli.ContainerLogs(ctx, resp.ID, types.ContainerLogsOptions{ShowStdout: true})
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
io.Copy(os.Stdout, out)
}
$ curl --unix-socket /var/run/docker.sock -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{"Image": "alpine", "Cmd": ["echo", "hello world"]}' \
-X POST http:/v1.24/containers/create
{"Id":"1c6594faf5","Warnings":null}
$ curl --unix-socket /var/run/docker.sock -X POST http:/v1.24/containers/1c6594faf5/start
$ curl --unix-socket /var/run/docker.sock -X POST http:/v1.24/containers/1c6594faf5/wait
{"StatusCode":0}
$ curl --unix-socket /var/run/docker.sock "http:/v1.24/containers/1c6594faf5/logs?stdout=1"
hello world
在后台运行一个容器
你也可以在后台运行容器,相当于输入docker run -d bfirsh/reticulate-splines
:
- Python
- Go
- Curl
import docker
client = docker.from_env()
container = client.containers.run("bfirsh/reticulate-splines", detach=True)
print container.id
package main
import (
"fmt"
"io"
"os"
"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/container"
"github.com/docker/docker/client"
"golang.org/x/net/context"
)
func main() {
ctx := context.Background()
cli, err := client.NewEnvClient()
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
imageName := "bfirsh/reticulate-splines"
out, err := cli.ImagePull(ctx, imageName, types.ImagePullOptions{})
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
io.Copy(os.Stdout, out)
resp, err := cli.ContainerCreate(ctx, &container.Config{
Image: imageName,
}, nil, nil, "")
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
if err := cli.ContainerStart(ctx, resp.ID, types.ContainerStartOptions{} err != nil {
panic(err)
}
fmt.Println(resp.ID)
}
$ curl --unix-socket /var/run/docker.sock -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{"Image": "bfirsh/reticulate-splines"}' \
-X POST http:/v1.24/containers/create
{"Id":"1c6594faf5","Warnings":null}
$ curl --unix-socket /var/run/docker.sock -X POST http:/v1.24/containers/1c6594faf5/start
列出并管理容器
您可以使用 API 列出正在运行的容器,就像使用一样docker ps
:
- Python
- Go
- Curl
import docker
client = docker.from_env()
for container in client.containers.list():
print container.id
package main
import (
"context"
"fmt"
"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
"github.com/docker/docker/client"
)
func main() {
cli, err := client.NewEnvClient()
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
containers, err := cli.ContainerList(context.Background(), types.ContainerListOptions{})
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
for _, container := range containers {
fmt.Println(container.ID)
}
}
$ curl --unix-socket /var/run/docker.sock http:/v1.24/containers/json
[{
"Id":"ae63e8b89a26f01f6b4b2c9a7817c31a1b6196acf560f66586fbc8809ffcd772",
"Names":["/tender_wing"],
"Image":"bfirsh/reticulate-splines",
...
}]
停止所有运行的容器
现在您知道存在哪些容器,您可以对它们执行操作。例如,要停止所有正在运行的容器:
- Python
- Go
- Curl
import docker
client = docker.from_env()
for container in client.containers.list():
container.stop()
package main
import (
"context"
"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
"github.com/docker/docker/client"
)
func main() {
ctx := context.Background()
cli, err := client.NewEnvClient()
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
containers, err := cli.ContainerList(ctx, types.ContainerListOptions{})
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
for _, container := range containers {
if err := cli.ContainerStop(ctx, container.ID, nil err != nil {
panic(err)
}
}
}
$ curl --unix-socket /var/run/docker.sock http:/v1.24/containers/json
[{
"Id":"ae63e8b89a26f01f6b4b2c9a7817c31a1b6196acf560f66586fbc8809ffcd772",
"Names":["/tender_wing"],
"Image":"bfirsh/reticulate-splines",
...
}]
$ curl --unix-socket /var/run/docker.sock \
-X POST http:/v1.24/containers/ae63e8b89a26/stop
打印特定容器的日志
您也可以对单个容器执行操作。这个例子打印给定 ID 的容器的日志:
- Python
- Go
- Curl
import docker
client = docker.from_env()
container = client.containers.get('f1064a8a4c82')
print container.logs()
package main
import (
"context"
"io"
"os"
"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
"github.com/docker/docker/client"
)
func main() {
ctx := context.Background()
cli, err := client.NewEnvClient()
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
options := types.ContainerLogsOptions{ShowStdout: true}
out, err := cli.ContainerLogs(ctx, "f1064a8a4c82", options)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
io.Copy(os.Stdout, out)
}
$ curl --unix-socket /var/run/docker.sock "http:/v1.24/containers/ca5f55cdb/logs?stdout=1"
Reticulating spline 1...
Reticulating spline 2...
Reticulating spline 3...
Reticulating spline 4...
Reticulating spline 5...
列出所有图像
列出引擎上的图像,类似于docker images
:
- Python
- Go
- Curl
import docker
client = docker.from_env()
for image in client.images.list():
print image.id
package main
import (
"context"
"fmt"
"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
"github.com/docker/docker/client"
)
func main() {
cli, err := client.NewEnvClient()
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
images, err := cli.ImageList(context.Background(), types.ImageListOptions{})
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
for _, image := range images {
fmt.Println(image.ID)
}
}
$ curl --unix-socket /var/run/docker.sock http:/v1.24/images/json
[{
"Id":"sha256:31d9a31e1dd803470c5a151b8919ef1988ac3efd44281ac59d43ad623f275dcd",
"ParentId":"sha256:ee4603260daafe1a8c2f3b78fd760922918ab2441cbb2853ed5c439e59c52f96",
...
}]
Pull image
Pull images,像docker pull
:
- Python
- Go
- Curl
import docker
client = docker.from_env()
image = client.images.pull("alpine")
print image.id
package main
import (
"io"
"os"
"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
"github.com/docker/docker/client"
"golang.org/x/net/context"
)
func main() {
ctx := context.Background()
cli, err := client.NewEnvClient()
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
out, err := cli.ImagePull(ctx, "alpine", types.ImagePullOptions{})
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
defer out.Close()
io.Copy(os.Stdout, out)
}
$ curl --unix-socket /var/run/docker.sock \
-X POST "http:/v1.24/images/create?fromImage=alpine"
{"status":"Pulling from library/alpine","id":"3.1"}
{"status":"Pulling fs layer","progressDetail":{},"id":"8f13703509f7"}
{"status":"Downloading","progressDetail":{"current":32768,"total":2244027},"progress":"[\u003e ] 32.77 kB/2.244 MB","id":"8f13703509f7"}
...
Pull images with authentication
docker pull
通过身份验证提取图片,例如:
注意
:凭证以明文形式发送。Docker 官方注册管理机构使用 HTTPS。私人注册管理机构也应配置为使用 HTTPS。
- Python
- Go
- Curl
Python SDK 从凭证存储文件中检索认证信息并与凭证助手集成。可以覆盖这些凭据,但这不在本入门指南的范围之内。使用后docker login
,Python SDK会自动使用这些凭据。
import docker
client = docker.from_env()
image = client.images.pull("alpine")
print image.id
package main
import (
"io"
"os"
"encoding/json"
"encoding/base64"
"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
"github.com/docker/docker/client"
"golang.org/x/net/context"
)
func main() {
ctx := context.Background()
cli, err := client.NewEnvClient()
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
authConfig := types.AuthConfig{
Username: "username",
Password: "password",
}
encodedJSON, err := json.Marshal(authConfig)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
authStr := base64.URLEncoding.EncodeToString(encodedJSON)
out, err := cli.ImagePull(ctx, "alpine", types.ImagePullOptions{RegistryAuth:
authStr})
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
defer out.Close()
io.Copy(os.Stdout, out)
}
这个例子会将证书留在你 shell 的历史记录中,所以认为这是一个天真的实现。凭证以 Base-64 编码的 JSON结构形式传递。
$ JSON=$(echo '{"username": "string", "password": "string", "serveraddress": "string"}' | base64)
$ curl --unix-socket /var/run/docker.sock \
-H "Content-Type: application/tar"
-X POST "http:/v1.24/images/create?fromImage=alpine"
-H "X-Registry-Auth"
-d "$JSON"
{"status":"Pulling from library/alpine","id":"3.1"}
{"status":"Pulling fs layer","progressDetail":{},"id":"8f13703509f7"}
{"status":"Downloading","progressDetail":{"current":32768,"total":2244027},"progress":"[\u003e ] 32.77 kB/2.244 MB","id":"8f13703509f7"}
...
提交容器
提交容器以从其内容创建图像:
- Python
- Go
- Curl
import docker
client = docker.from_env()
container = client.containers.run("alpine", ["touch", "/helloworld"], detach=True)
container.wait()
image = container.commit("helloworld")
print image.id
package main
import (
"fmt"
"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/container"
"github.com/docker/docker/client"
"golang.org/x/net/context"
)
func main() {
ctx := context.Background()
cli, err := client.NewEnvClient()
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
createResp, err := cli.ContainerCreate(ctx, &container.Config{
Image: "alpine",
Cmd: []string{"touch", "/helloworld"},
}, nil, nil, "")
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
if err := cli.ContainerStart(ctx, createResp.ID, types.ContainerStartOptions{} err != nil {
panic(err)
}
if _, err = cli.ContainerWait(ctx, createResp.ID err != nil {
panic(err)
}
commitResp, err := cli.ContainerCommit(ctx, createResp.ID, types.ContainerCommitOptions{Reference: "helloworld"})
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
fmt.Println(commitResp.ID)
}
$ docker run -d alpine touch /helloworld
0888269a9d584f0fa8fc96b3c0d8d57969ceea3a64acf47cd34eebb4744dbc52
$ curl --unix-socket /var/run/docker.sock\
-X POST "http:/v1.24/commit?container=0888269a9d&repo=helloworld"
{"Id":"sha256:6c86a5cd4b87f2771648ce619e319f3e508394b5bfc2cdbd2d60f59d52acda6c"}