extends

extends

extends关键字用于类声明或者类表达式中,以创建一个类,该类是另一个类的子类。

语法

class ChildClass extends ParentClass { ... }

描述

extends关键字用来创建一个普通类或者内建对象的子类。

继承的.prototype必须是一个Object 或者 null

示例

使用 extends

第一个例子是根据名为 Polygon类创建一个名为Square的类。这个例子是从这个在线demo中提取出来的。

class Square extends Polygon { constructor(length) { // Here, it calls the parent class' constructor with lengths // provided for the Polygon's width and height super(length, length // Note: In derived classes, super() must be called before you // can use 'this'. Leaving this out will cause a reference error. this.name = 'Square'; } get area() { return this.height * this.width; } }

使用 extends与内置对象

这个示例继承了内置的Date对象。这个例子是从这个在线演示中提取出来的。

class myDate extends Date { constructor() { super( } getFormattedDate() { var months = ['Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May', 'Jun', 'Jul', 'Aug', 'Sep', 'Oct', 'Nov', 'Dec']; return this.getDate() + '-' + months[this.getMonth()] + '-' + this.getFullYear( } }

扩展 null

可以像扩展普通类一样扩展null,但是新对象的原型将不会继承 Object.prototype

class nullExtends extends null { constructor() {} } Object.getPrototypeOf(nullExtends // Function.prototype Object.getPrototypeOf(nullExtends.prototype) // null new nullExtends( //ReferenceError: this is not defined

标准

SpecificationStatusComment
ECMAScript 2015 (6th Edition, ECMA-262)The definition of 'extends' in that specification.StandardInitial definition.
ECMAScript Latest Draft (ECMA-262)The definition of 'extends' in that specification.Living Standard

浏览器兼容性

FeatureChromeEdgeFirefox (Gecko)Internet ExplorerOperaSafari
Basic support42.0(Yes)45 (45)???
Array subclassing43.0(Yes)53 (53)???

FeatureAndroidEdgeFirefox Mobile (Gecko)IE MobileOpera MobileSafari MobileChrome for Android
Basic supportNo support(Yes)45.0 (45)???42.0
Array subclassingNo support(Yes)No support???43.0