Method definitions

Method definitions

从ECMAScript 2015开始,在对象初始器中引入了一种更简短定义方法的语法,这是一种把方法名直接赋给函数的简写方式。

语法

var obj = { property( parameters… ) {}, *generator( parameters… ) {}, async property( parameters… ) {}, async* generator( parameters… ) {}, // with computed keys: [property]( parameters… ) {}, *[generator]( parameters… ) {}, async [property]( parameters… ) {}, // compare getter/setter syntax: get property() {}, set property(value) {} };

描述

该简写语法与ECMAScript 2015的gettersetter语法类似。

如下代码:

var obj = { foo: function() { /* code */ }, bar: function() { /* code */ } };

现可被简写为:

var obj = { foo() { /* code */ }, bar() { /* code */ } };

注意:简写语法使用命名函数而不是匿名函数(如…foo: function() {}…)。命名函数可以从函数体调用(这对匿名函数是不可能的,因为没有标识符可以引用)。详细信息,请参阅function

生成器方法

生成器方法也可以用这种简写语法定义。使用它们时,

  • 简写语法中的星号(*)必须出现在生成器名前,也就是说* g(){}可以正常工作,而g *(){}不行。

  • 非生成器方法定义可能不包含yield关键字。这意味着遗留的生成器函数也不会工作,并且将抛出SyntaxError。始终使用yield与星号(*)结合使用。

// Using a named property var obj2 = { g: function* () { var index = 0; while (true) yield index++; } }; // The same object using shorthand syntax var obj2 = { * g() { var index = 0; while (true) yield index++; } }; var it = obj2.g( console.log(it.next().value // 0 console.log(it.next().value // 1

Async 方法

Async 方法也可以使用简写语法来定义。

// Using a named property var obj3 = { f: async function () { await some_promise; } }; // The same object using shorthand syntax var obj3 = { async f() { await some_promise; } };

Async 生成器方法

生成器方法也能成为 async.

var obj4 = { f: async function* () { yield 1; yield 2; yield 3; } }; // The same object using shorthand syntax var obj4 = { async* f() { yield 1; yield 2; yield 3; } };

方法定义不是构造函数

所有方法定义不是构造函数,如果您尝试实例化它们,将抛出TypeError

var obj = { method() {} }; new obj.method; // TypeError: obj.method is not a constructor var obj = { * g() {} }; new obj.g; // TypeError: obj.g is not a constructor (changed in ES2016)

示例

简单示例

var obj = { a: 'foo', b() { return this.a; } }; console.log(obj.b() // "foo"

计算属性名

速记语法还支持计算的属性名称。

var bar = { foo0: function() { return 0; }, foo1() { return 1; }, ['foo' + 2]() { return 2; } }; console.log(bar.foo0() // 0 console.log(bar.foo1() // 1 console.log(bar.foo2() // 2

规范

SpecificationStatusComment
ECMAScript 2015 (6th Edition, ECMA-262)The definition of 'Method definitions' in that specification.StandardInitial definition.
ECMAScript 2016 (ECMA-262)The definition of 'Method definitions' in that specification.StandardChanged that generator methods should also not have a [Construct] trap and will throw when used with new.
ECMAScript Latest Draft (ECMA-262)The definition of 'Method definitions' in that specification.Draft

浏览器兼容性

FeatureChromeEdgeFirefox (Gecko)Internet ExplorerOperaSafari
Method definition shorthand39(Yes)34 (34)No support26No support
Generator methods are not constructable (ES2016)??43 (43)???
Async methods??52 (52)???
Async generator methods??55 (55)???

FeatureAndroidChrome for AndroidEdgeFirefox Mobile (Gecko)IE MobileOpera MobileSafari Mobile
Method definition shorthandNo supportNo support(Yes)34.0 (34)No supportNo supportNo support
Generator methods are not constructable (ES2016)???43.0 (43)???
Async methods???52.0 (52)???
Async generator methods???55.0 (55)???