Hibernate 例子
例子
让我们看一个独立应用程序利用 Hibernate 提供 Java 持久性的例子。我们将通过不同的步骤使用 Hibernate 技术创建 Java 应用程序。
创建 POJO 类
创建应用程序的第一步就是建立 Java 的 POJO 类或者其它类,这取决于即将要存放在数据库中的应用程序。我们可以考虑一下让我们的 Employee
类使用 getXXX
和 setXXX
方法从而使它们变成符合 JavaBeans 的类。
POJO (Plain Old Java Object) 是 Java 的一个对象,这种对象不会扩展或者执行一些特殊的类并且它的接口都是分别在 EJB 框架的要求下的。所有正常的 Java 对象都是 POJO。
当你设计一个存放在 Hibernate 中的类时,最重要的是提供支持 JavaBeans 的代码和在 Employee 类中像 id
属性一样可以当做索引的属性。
public class Employee {
private int id;
private String firstName;
private String lastName;
private int salary;
public Employee() {}
public Employee(String fname, String lname, int salary) {
this.firstName = fname;
this.lastName = lname;
this.salary = salary;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId( int id ) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getFirstName() {
return firstName;
}
public void setFirstName( String first_name ) {
this.firstName = first_name;
}
public String getLastName() {
return lastName;
}
public void setLastName( String last_name ) {
this.lastName = last_name;
}
public int getSalary() {
return salary;
}
public void setSalary( int salary ) {
this.salary = salary;
}
}
创建数据库表
第二步就是在你的数据库中创建表格。每一个你所愿意提供长期留存的对象都会有一个对应的表。上述的对象需要在下列的 RDBMS 表中存储和被检索到:
create table EMPLOYEE (
id INT NOT NULL auto_increment,
first_name VARCHAR(20) default NULL,
last_name VARCHAR(20) default NULL,
salary INT default NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id)
创建映射配置文件
这一步是创建一个映射文件从而指导 Hibernate 如何对数据库的表映射定义的类。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="Employee" table="EMPLOYEE">
<meta attribute="class-description">
This class contains the employee detail.
</meta>
<id name="id" type="int" column="id">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="firstName" column="first_name" type="string"/>
<property name="lastName" column="last_name" type="string"/>
<property name="salary" column="salary" type="int"/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
你需要将映射文档以<classname>.hbm.xml的格式保存在一个文件中。我们将映射文档保存在 Employee.hbm.xml文件中。下面让我们看看映射文档相关的一些小细节:
- 映射文档是一个 XML 格式的文档,它拥有<hibernate-mapping>作为根元素,这个元素包含了所有的 <class>元素。
映射文档中还有许多其它的属性和元素,在探讨其它的 Hibernate 相关的话题时我将会详细进行讲解。
创建应用程序类
最后,我们将要使用 main() 方法创建应用程序类来运行应用程序。我们将用这个程序来保存一些 Employee 的记录,然后我们将在这些记录上应用 CRUD 操作。
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Iterator;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
public class ManageEmployee {
private static SessionFactory factory;
public static void main(String[] args) {
try{
factory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory(
}catch (Throwable ex) {
System.err.println("Failed to create sessionFactory object." + ex
throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(ex
}
ManageEmployee ME = new ManageEmployee(
/* Add few employee records in database */
Integer empID1 = ME.addEmployee("Zara", "Ali", 1000
Integer empID2 = ME.addEmployee("Daisy", "Das", 5000
Integer empID3 = ME.addEmployee("John", "Paul", 10000
/* List down all the employees */
ME.listEmployees(
/* Update employee's records */
ME.updateEmployee(empID1, 5000
/* Delete an employee from the database */
ME.deleteEmployee(empID2
/* List down new list of the employees */
ME.listEmployees(
}
/* Method to CREATE an employee in the database */
public Integer addEmployee(String fname, String lname, int salary){
Session session = factory.openSession(
Transaction tx = null;
Integer employeeID = null;
try{
tx = session.beginTransaction(
Employee employee = new Employee(fname, lname, salary
employeeID = (Integer) session.save(employee
tx.commit(
}catch (HibernateException e) {
if (tx!=null) tx.rollback(
e.printStackTrace(
}finally {
session.close(
}
return employeeID;
}
/* Method to READ all the employees */
public void listEmployees( ){
Session session = factory.openSession(
Transaction tx = null;
try{
tx = session.beginTransaction(
List employees = session.createQuery("FROM Employee").list(
for (Iterator iterator =
employees.iterator( iterator.hasNext(){
Employee employee = (Employee) iterator.next(
System.out.print("First Name: " + employee.getFirstName()
System.out.print(" Last Name: " + employee.getLastName()
System.out.println(" Salary: " + employee.getSalary()
}
tx.commit(
}catch (HibernateException e) {
if (tx!=null) tx.rollback(
e.printStackTrace(
}finally {
session.close(
}
}
/* Method to UPDATE salary for an employee */
public void updateEmployee(Integer EmployeeID, int salary ){
Session session = factory.openSession(
Transaction tx = null;
try{
tx = session.beginTransaction(
Employee employee =
(Employee)session.get(Employee.class, EmployeeID
employee.setSalary( salary
session.update(employee
tx.commit(
}catch (HibernateException e) {
if (tx!=null) tx.rollback(
e.printStackTrace(
}finally {
session.close(
}
}
/* Method to DELETE an employee from the records */
public void deleteEmployee(Integer EmployeeID){
Session session = factory.openSession(
Transaction tx = null;
try{
tx = session.beginTransaction(
Employee employee =
(Employee)session.get(Employee.class, EmployeeID
session.delete(employee
tx.commit(
}catch (HibernateException e) {
if (tx!=null) tx.rollback(
e.printStackTrace(
}finally {
session.close(
}
}
}
编译和执行
下面是编译和运行上述提到的应用程序的步骤。在编译和执行应用程序之前确保你已经设置好了 PATH 和 CLASSPATH。
- 创建设置章节中所讲的 hibernate.cfg.xml 配置文件。
你将会得到如下结果,记录将会在 EMPLOYEE 表中建立。
$java ManageEmployee
.......VARIOUS LOG MESSAGES WILL DISPLAY HERE........
First Name: Zara Last Name: Ali Salary: 1000
First Name: Daisy Last Name: Das Salary: 5000
First Name: John Last Name: Paul Salary: 10000
First Name: Zara Last Name: Ali Salary: 5000
First Name: John Last Name: Paul Salary: 10000
如果你检查你的 EMPLOYEE 表,它将会有如下记录:
mysql> select * from EMPLOYEE;
+----+------------+-----------+--------+
| id | first_name | last_name | salary |
+----+------------+-----------+--------+
| 29 | Zara | Ali | 5000 |
| 31 | John | Paul | 10000 |
+----+------------+-----------+--------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec
mysql>