cstdlib

标准库标头<cstdlib>

这个标头最初在C标准库中作为<stdlib.h>...

此标头提供杂项实用程序。这里定义的符号由几个库组件使用。

宏常数

EXIT_SUCCESSEXIT_FAILURE	indicates program execution execution status (macro constant)
MB_CUR_MAX	maximum number of bytes in a multibyte character with the current locale (macro constant)
NULL	implementation-defined null pointer constant (macro constant)
RAND_MAX	maximum possible value generated by std::rand (macro constant)

类型

div_t	structure type, return of the std::div function (typedef)
ldiv_t	structure type, return of the std::ldiv function (typedef)
lldiv_t (C++11)	structure type, return of the std::lldiv function (typedef)
size_t	unsigned integer type returned by the sizeof operator (typedef)

功能

过程控制

*。

中止导致异常程序终止%28而不清理%29%28功能%29

退出导致正常程序终止，清除%28功能%29

速战速决[医]退出%28C++11%29导致快速程序终止，而不完全清除%28功能%29

[医]退出%28C++11%29导致正常程序终止而不清理%28功能%29

ATExit注册一个在std上调用的函数：：Exit%28%29调用%28 Function%29

在[医]速战速决[医]退出%28C++11%29注册一个要快速调用的函数[医]退出调用%28功能%29

系统调用主机环境%27s命令处理器%28功能%29

getenv访问环境变量列表%28函数%29

内存管理

malloc分配内存%28功能%29

对齐[医]alloc%28C++17%29分配对齐内存%28功能%29

calloc分配和零内存%28功能%29

realloc扩展以前分配的内存块%28功能%29

释放先前分配的内存%28函数%29

数字字符串转换

atof将字节字符串转换为浮点值%28函数%29

将字节字符串转换为整数值%28函数%29

strtoul strtoull将字节字符串转换为无符号整数值%28函数%29

strtofstrtodstrted将字节字符串转换为浮点值%28函数%29

宽字符串操作

mblen返回下一个多字节字符%28函数%29中的字节数

MBTowc将下一个多字节字符转换为宽字符%28功能%29

将宽字符转换为其多字节表示形式%28功能%29

mbstowcs将窄多字节字符串转换为宽字符串%28功能%29

将宽字符串转换为窄多字节字符串%28函数%29

杂乱的算法和数学

Rand生成伪随机数%28函数%29。

种子伪随机数发生器%28函数%29

QSort对未指定类型%28函数%29的元素范围进行排序

BSearch在数组中搜索未指定类型%28函数%29的元素

ABS%28int%29 labsllabs%28C++11%29计算积分值%28的绝对值X%29%28功能%29

div%28int%29ldivlldiv%28C++11%29计算商数和整数除法的余数%28函数%29

简介

二次

namespace std {
  using size_t = /*see description*/ ;
  using div_t = /*see description*/ ;
  using ldiv_t = /*see description*/ ;
  using lldiv_t = /*see description*/ ;
}
#define NULL /*see description*/
#define EXIT_FAILURE /*see description*/
#define EXIT_SUCCESS /*see description*/
#define RAND_MAX /*see description*/
#define MB_CUR_MAX /*see description*/
namespace std {
  // Exposition-only function type aliases
  extern "C" using /*c-atexit-handler*/ = void( // exposition only
  extern "C++" using /*atexit-handler*/ = void( // exposition only
  extern "C" using /*c-compare-pred*/ = int(const void* , const void* // exposition only
  extern "C++" using /*compare-pred*/ = int(const void* , const void* // exposition only
  // start and termination
  [[noreturn]] void abort() noexcept;
  int atexit(/*c-atexit-handler*/ * func) noexcept;
  int atexit(/*atexit-handler*/ * func) noexcept;
  int at_quick_exit(/*c-atexit-handler*/ * func) noexcept;
  int at_quick_exit(/*atexit-handler*/ * func) noexcept;
  [[noreturn]] void exit(int status
  [[noreturn]] void _Exit(int status) noexcept;
  [[noreturn]] void quick_exit(int status) noexcept;
  char* getenv(const char* name
  int system(const char* string
  // C library memory allocation
  void* aligned_alloc(size_t alignment, size_t size
  void* calloc(size_t nmemb, size_t size
  void free(void* ptr
  void* malloc(size_t size
  void* realloc(void* ptr, size_t size
  double atof(const char* nptr
  int atoi(const char* nptr
  long int atol(const char* nptr
  long long int atoll(const char* nptr
  double strtod(const char* nptr, char** endptr
  float strtof(const char* nptr, char** endptr
  long double strtold(const char* nptr, char** endptr
  long int strtol(const char* nptr, char** endptr, int base
  long long int strtoll(const char* nptr, char** endptr, int base
  unsigned long int strtoul(const char* nptr, char** endptr, int base
  unsigned long long int strtoull(const char* nptr, char** endptr, int base
  // multibyte / wide string and character conversion functions
  int mblen(const char* s, size_t n
  int mbtowc(wchar_t* pwc, const char* s, size_t n
  int wctomb(char* s, wchar_t wchar
  size_t mbstowcs(wchar_t* pwcs, const char* s, size_t n
  size_t wcstombs(char* s, const wchar_t* pwcs, size_t n
  // C standard library algorithms
  void* bsearch(const void* key, const void* base,
                size_t nmemb, size_t size, /*c-compare-pred*/ * compar
  void* bsearch(const void* key, const void* base,
                size_t nmemb, size_t size, /*compare-pred*/ * compar
  void qsort(void* base, size_t nmemb, size_t size, /*c-compare-pred*/ * compar
  void qsort(void* base, size_t nmemb, size_t size, /*compare-pred*/ * compar
  // low-quality random number generation
  int rand(
  void srand(unsigned int seed
  // absolute values
  int abs(int j
  long int abs(long int j
  long long int abs(long long int j
  float abs(float j
  double abs(double j
  long double abs(long double j
  long int labs(long int j
  long long int llabs(long long int j
  div_t div(int numer, int denom
  ldiv_t div(long int numer, long int denom
  lldiv_t div(long long int numer, long long int denom 
  ldiv_t ldiv(long int numer, long int denom
  lldiv_t lldiv(long long int numer, long long int denom
}

二次

另见

程序支持实用程序

伪随机数生成

公共数学函数

C内存管理库

空终止字节字符串

空终止多字节字符串

算法库

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